男性不育的護理(男性不育的護理)

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2022-09-29
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男性不育的護理(男性不育的護理)

?男性脫發有可能是心臟病的前兆小心心臟病的早期癥狀男性一到了中老年時期，就會出現脫發現象，很多人都以為這是一種正常現象，但專家指出，男性脫發所代表的可能就是疾病的開始。對于脫發的原

The International Glossary on Infertility and Fertility Care, 2017

《國際不孕不育與生育護理詞匯》，2017

Zegers-Hochschild F, Adamson GD, Dyer S, Racowsky C, de Mouzon J, Sokol R, Rienzi L, Sunde A, Schmidt L, Cooke ID, Simpson JL, van der Poel S. The International Glossary on Infertility and Fertility Care, 2017. Fertil Steril. 2017 Sep;108(3):393-406. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2017.06.005. Epub 2017 Jul 29. PMID: 28760517.

Acrosome A membrane-bound structure covering the anterior of the sperm head that contains enzymes necessary to penetrate the zona pellucida of the oocyte.

頂體：覆蓋在精子頭部前部的一種被膜包裹的結構，含有穿透卵母細胞透明帶所必需的酶。

Adenomyosis A form of endometriosis marked by the presence of endometrium-like epithelium and stroma outside the endometrium in the myometrium.

子宮腺肌病：子宮內膜異位癥的一種，其特征是子宮肌層內有子宮內膜樣上皮和間質。

Adhesions Bands of fibrous scar tissue that may bind the abdominal and pelvic organs, including the intestines and peritoneum, to each other. They can be dense and thick or filmy and thin.

粘連：纖維瘢痕組織的粘連帶，可將腹部和盆腔器官，包括腸和腹膜相互粘連在一起。它們可以是濃密的厚的，也可以是薄的。

Age specific fertility rate (ASFR) The number of live births per woman in a particular age group in a specific calendar year expressed per1000 women in that age group.

特定年齡段生育率(ASFR)：特定年齡段的每名婦女在特定日歷年的活產數，表示該年齡段每1000名婦女的活產數。

Agglutination Clumping of spermatozoa in the ejaculate.

凝集；膠合：精子在射精液中凝集成團。

Andrology The medical practice dealing with the health of the male reproductive system.

男科學：有關男性生殖系統健康的醫療實踐。

Aneuploidy An abnormal number of chromosomes in a cell. The majority of embryos with aneuploidies are not compatible with life.

非整倍性；異倍體性；異倍性：非整倍體細胞中異常數目的染色體。大多數非整倍體胚胎與生命不相匹配。

Anti-sperm antibodies Antibodies that recognize and bind to antigens on the surface of the spermatozoon.

抗精子抗體：識別并結合精子表面抗原的抗體。

Aspermia Lack of external ejaculation.

無精；[泌尿]精液缺乏：缺乏外部射精。

Assisted hatching An ART procedure in which the zona pellucida of an embryo is either thinned or perforated by chemical, mechanical or laser methods.

輔助孵化：通過化學、機械或激光方法使胚胎的透明帶變薄或穿孔的一種輔助生殖技術手法。

Assisted reproductive technology (ART) All interventions that include thein vitrohandling of both human oocytes and sperm or of embryos for the purpose of reproduction. This includes, but is not limited to, IVF and embryo transfer ET,

intracytoplasmic sperm injection ICSI, embryo biopsy, preimplantation genetic testing PGT,assisted hatching, gamete intrafallopian transfer GIFT, zygote intrafallopian transfer, gamete and embryo cryopreservation, semen, oocyte and embryo donation, and gestational carrier cycles.Thus, ART does not, and ART-only registries do not, include assisted insemination using sperm from either a womans partner or a sperm donor. (See broader term, medically assisted reproduction, MAR.)

輔助生殖技術(ART)：所有干預措施，包括對人類卵母細胞和精子或用于生殖目的的胚胎進行體外處理。這包括但不限于體外受精和胚胎移植、卵胞漿內單精子注射、胚胎活檢、植入前基因檢測、輔助孵化、配子輸卵管內移植、受精卵和胚胎冷凍保存、精液、卵子和胚胎捐贈，以及代孕者周期。因此，輔助生殖技術治療的注冊機構不僅包括，且不限于使用女性伴侶或精子捐獻者的精子進行輔助受精。(參見更廣泛的術語，醫療輔助生殖。)

Asthenoteratozoospermia Reduced percentages of motile and morphologically normal sperm in the ejaculate below the lower reference limit. When reporting results, the reference criteria should be specified.

弱畸形性精子癥：精液中活動精子和形態正常精子的百分比低于參考下限。在報告結果時，應指定參考標準。

Asthenozoospermia Reduced percentage of motile sperm in the ejaculate below the lower reference limit. When reporting results, the reference criteria should be specified.

弱精子癥：射精液中活動精子的百分比低于參考下限。在報告結果時，應指定參考標準。

Azoospermia The absence of spermatozoa in the ejaculate.

無精子癥：精液中沒有精子。

Binucleation The presence of two nuclei in a blastomere (cell).

[醫]雙核化：經過核分裂而胞漿不分裂，在一個細胞內形成兩個核：雙核化卵裂球（細胞）中存在兩個細胞核。

Biochemical pregnancy A pregnancy diagnosed only by the detection of beta hCG in serum or urine.

生化妊娠：只有通過檢測血清或尿液中的β-hCG才能確診的妊娠。

Birth (single) The complete expulsion or extraction from a woman of a fetus after 22 completed weeks of gestational age, irrespective of whether it is a live birth or stillbirth, or, if gestational age is unknown, a birth weight more than 500 grams. A single birth refers to an individual newborn; and a delivery of multiple births, such as a twin delivery, would be registered as two births.

分娩(單胎)：懷孕22周后，無論是活產還是死產，或者，如果胎齡不明，出生體重超過500克的胎兒從婦女體內完全排出或取出。單胎指的是單個新生兒；多胎分娩，如雙胞胎，將登記為兩胎出生。

Blastocoele Fluid-filled central region of the blastocyst.

囊胚腔；分裂腔；胚泡腔；卵裂腔：胚泡內充滿液體的囊胚中心區域。

Blastocyst The stage of preimplantation embryo development that occurs around day 5–6 after insemination or ICSI. The blastocyst contains a fluid filled central cavity (blastocoele), an outer layer of cells (trophectoderm) and an inner group of cells (inner cell mass).

胚泡：植入前胚胎發育的階段，大約發生在授精或卵胞漿內單精子注射(ICSI)后的第5-6天。囊胚包含一個充滿液體的中央腔(囊胚)、外層細胞(滋養外胚層)和一組內層細胞(內細胞團)。

Blastomere A cell in a cleavage stage embryo.

卵裂球：卵裂期胚胎中的一種細胞。

Blastomere symmetry The extent to which all blastomeres are even in size and shape.

卵裂球對稱性：指所有卵裂球在大小和形狀上均勻的程度。

Bleeding after oocyte aspiration Significant bleeding, internal or external, after oocyte aspiration retrieval requiring hospitalization for blood transfusion, surgical intervention, clinical observation or other medical procedure.

卵母細胞抽吸術后出血：卵母細胞抽吸后出血大量出血，內部或外部，卵母細胞抽吸取出后需要住院治療輸血，外科手術，臨床觀察或其他醫療手段。

Canceled ART cycle An ART cycle in which ovarian stimulation or monitoring has been initiated with the intention to treat,but which did not proceed to follicular aspiration or in the case of a thawed or warmed embryo did not proceed to embryo transfer.

取消的ART周期：在ART周期中，卵巢刺激或監測已經開始，目的是治療，但沒有進行卵泡抽吸，或者如果是解凍或復蘇的胚胎，則不進行胚胎移植。在ART周期中，卵巢刺激或監測已經開始，但沒有進行卵泡抽吸，或者如果是解凍或復蘇的胚胎，則不進行胚胎移植。

Childlessness A condition in which a person, voluntarily or involuntarily, is not a legal or societally-recognized parent to a child, or has had all children die.

無子女一種情況：即一個人自愿或非自愿地不是孩子的合法或社會認可的父母，或者所有的孩子都死了。

Chimerism Presence in a single individual of two or more cell lines, each derived from different individuals.

嵌合性；[遺] 嵌合現象：嵌合體存在于由兩個或多個細胞系組成的單個個體中，每個細胞系來自不同的個體。

Cleavage stage embryos Embryos beginning with the 2-cell stage and up to, but not including, the morula stage.

卵裂期胚胎：胚胎從2-細胞期開始，一直到(但不包括)桑椹胚階段。

Clinical fertility The capacity to establish a clinical pregnancy.

臨床生育能力：確定臨床妊娠的能力。

Clinical pregnancy A pregnancy diagnosed by ultrasonographic visualization of one or more gestational sacs or definitive clinical signs of pregnancy. In addition to intra-uterine pregnancy, it includes a clinically documented ectopic pregnancy.

臨床妊娠：通過超聲檢查發現一個或多個妊娠囊或明確的妊娠臨床征兆而診斷的妊娠。除了宮內妊娠，它還包括臨床記錄的異位妊娠。

Clinical pregnancy rate The number of clinical pregnancies expressed per 100 initiated cycles, aspiration cycles or embryo transfer cycles. When clinical pregnancy rates are recorded, the denominator (initiated, aspirated or embryo transfer cycles) must be specified.

臨床妊娠率：每100個啟動周期、獲卵周期或胚胎移植周期的臨床妊娠數。當記錄臨床妊娠率時，必須指定分母(啟動周期、獲卵周期或胚胎移植周期)。

Clinical pregnancy with fetal heart beat A pregnancy diagnosed by ultrasonographic or clinical documentation of at least one fetus with a discernible heartbeat.

臨床妊娠伴胎心跳動：通過超聲檢查或臨床記錄診斷為至少有一個胎兒有明顯心跳的妊娠。

Cohort total fertility rate (CTFR) The observed average number of live born children per woman applied to a birth cohort of women as they age through time. This is obtained from data on women after completing their reproductive years.

隊列總生育率(CTFR)：隨著年齡的增長，觀察到的每名婦女的平均活產子女數適用于出生隊列中的婦女。這是從女性完成生育年限后的數據中獲得的。

Compaction The process during which tight junctions form between juxtaposed blastomeres resulting in a solid mass of cells with indistinguishable cell membranes.

壓緊；精簡；密封；凝結：在并列的卵裂球之間形成緊密連接，導致細胞膜難以區分的細胞團的過程。

Complex aneuploidies Two or more aneuploidies involving different chromosomes in the embryo. When autosomes are involved, this condition is not compatible with human life.

復雜非整倍體：兩個或多個涉及胚胎中不同染色體的非整倍體。當涉及常染色體時，這種情況與正常生命不匹配。

Congenital anomalies Structural or functional disorders that occur during intra-uterine life and can be identified prenatally, at birth or later in life. Congenital anomalies can be caused by single gene defects, chromosomal disorders, multifactorial inheritance, environmental teratogens and micronutrient deficiencies. The time of identification should be reported.

先天畸形：在宮內生活期間發生的結構或功能障礙，可在產前、出生時或后期被辨認出來。先天性異常可由單基因缺陷、染色體紊亂、多因素遺傳、環境致畸和微量營養素缺乏引起。應報告識別時間。

Congenital anomaly birth rate The number of births exhibiting signs of congenital anomalies per 10,000 births. The time of identification should have been reported.

先天異常出生率：每10,000名新生兒中有先天異常跡象的出生人數。應該報告鑒定的時間。

Congenital bilateral absence of the vasa deferentia (CBAVD)

The absence, at birth, of both duct systems (vas deferentia) that connect the testes to the urethra and may be associated with cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CTFR) gene mutation. Although the testes usually develop and function normally, men present with azoospermia.

先天性雙側輸精管缺如(CBAVD)：出生時缺乏連接睪丸和尿道的兩個導管系統(輸精管)，可能與囊性纖維化跨膜傳導調節因子(CTFR)基因突變有關。雖然睪丸通常發育和功能正常，但男性表現為無精子癥。

Conventional in vitro insemination The co-incubation of oocytes with sperm in vitro with the goal of resulting in extracorporeal fertilization.

常規的體外受精：將卵母細胞與精子在體外共同孵化，以達到體外受精的目的。

Corona radiata cells The innermost cells of the cumulus oophorus.

放射冠細胞：卵丘最里面的細胞。

Cross border reproductive care The provision of reproductive health services in a different jurisdiction or outside of a recognized national border within which the person or persons legally reside.

跨境生殖保健：在一個或多個人合法居住的不同司法管轄區或公認的國家邊界之外提供生殖健康服務。

Cryopreservation The process of slow freezing or vitrification to preserve biological material (e.g. gametes, zygotes,cleavage-stage embryos, blastocysts or gonadal tissue) at extreme low temperature.

冷凍保存：在極低溫度下緩慢冷凍或玻璃化冷凍以保存生物材料（例如配子，受精卵，卵裂期胚胎，胚泡或性腺組織）的過程。

Cryptorchidism Testis not in scrotal position within the neonatal period and, up to but not limited to, 1 year post birth.If the testis has not descended into the scrotum, this condition can cause primary testicular failure and increased risk of testicular cancer development.

隱睪睪丸：在新生兒期內不在陰囊位置，出生后1歲以內(但不限于此)。如果睪丸沒有下降到陰囊，這種情況可能會導致原發性睪丸功能衰竭，并增加睪丸癌發生的風險。

Cumulative delivery rate per aspiration/initiated cycle with at least one live birth

The number of deliveries with at least one live birth resulting from one initiated or aspirated ART cycle,including all cycles in which fresh and/or frozen embryos are transferred, until one delivery with a live birth occurs or until all embryos are used, whichever occurs first. The delivery of a singleton,twin, or other multiples is registered as one delivery. In the absence of complete data, the cumulative delivery rate is often estimated.

每次獲卵/啟動周期的累計接生率，至少有一次活產：由一個啟動或獲卵的ART周期產生的至少一個活產的分娩次數，包括移植新鮮和/或冷凍胚胎的所有周期，直到發生一次活產或直到所有胚胎都被使用為止(以先發生的為準)。單胎、雙胞胎或多胎的出生被登記為一次活產。在沒有完整數據的情況下，通常需要估計累計活產率。

Cumulus oophorus The multi-layered mass of granulosa cells surrounding the oocyte.

卵丘：圍繞卵母細胞的多層顆粒細胞團塊。

Cytoplasmic maturation The process during which the oocyte acquires the capacity to support nuclear maturation, fertilization,pronuclei formation, syngamy and subsequent early cleavage divisions until activation of the embryonic genome.

細胞質成熟：卵母細胞獲得支持核成熟、受精、原核形成、同源配子和隨后的早期卵裂分裂直至胚胎基因組激活的能力的過程。

Cytoplasmic transfer A procedure that can be performed at different stages of an oocytes development to add to or replace various amounts of cytoplasm from a donor egg.

細胞質移植：在卵母細胞發育的不同階段，從捐贈者卵子中添加或替換不同數量的細胞質的過程。

Decreased spermatogenesis A histological finding in which spermatogenesis is present with few cells in the seminiferous tubules,resulting in a decreased number or absence of sperm in the ejaculate.

生精減少：生精的組織學發現，生精小管中的精子發生的細胞很少，導致射精液中精子的數量減少或不存在。

Delayed ejaculation A condition in which it takes a man an extended period of time to reach orgasm and ejaculation.

射精延遲：男性需要較長時間才能達到性高潮和射精的狀態。

Delayed embryo transfer A procedure in which embryo transfer is not performed within the time frame of the oocyte aspiration cycle but at a later time.

延遲胚胎移植：胚胎移植不是在獲卵周期的時間框架內進行，而是在以后的時間進行。

Delivery The complete expulsion or extraction from a woman of one or more fetuses, after at least 22 completed weeks of gestational age, irrespective of whether they are live births or stillbirths. A delivery of either a single or multiple newborn is considered as one delivery. If more than one newborn is delivered, it is often recognized as a delivery with multiple births.

分娩：一個或多個胎兒在孕周至少22周后從婦女體內完全排出或取出，無論是活產還是死產。一個或多個新生兒的分娩被認為是一次分娩。如果分娩的新生兒不止一個，通常被認為是多胎分娩。

Delivery rate The number of deliveries expressed per 100 initiated cycles, aspiration cycles, or embryo transfer cycles. When delivery rates are recorded, the denominator (initiated, aspirated or embryo transfer cycles) must be specified. It includes deliveries that resulted in the birth of one or more live births and/or stillbirths. The delivery of a singleton, twin or other multiple pregnancy is registered as one delivery. If more than one newborn is delivered, it is often recognized as a delivery with multiple births.

分娩率：每100個啟動周期、獲卵周期或胚胎移植周期的分娩次數。記錄產出率時，必須指定分母(啟動、獲卵或胚胎移植周期)。它包括導致一個或多個活產和/或死產的分娩。單胎、雙胞胎或其他多胎妊娠的分娩登記為一次分娩。如果分娩的新生兒不止一個，通常被認為是多胎分娩。

Delivery rate after fertility treatment per patient The number of deliveries with at least one live birth or stillbirth, expressed per 100 patients, after a specified time and following all treatments.

每位生育治療后患者的分娩率：每名患者在指定的時間內接受完所有治療后，每100名患者至少有一次活產或死產的分娩次數。

Delivery with multiple births after fertility treatments A single delivery with more than one newborn, following all fertility treatments.

生育治療后多胎分娩：在所有生育治療之后，一次分娩時有一個以上的新生兒。

Diandric oocytes An oocyte with an extra set of haploid chromosomes of paternal origin.

二雄卵母細胞：一種卵母細胞，具有一套額外的父系來源的單倍體染色體。

Digynic oocytes An oocyte with an extra set of haploid chromosomes of maternal origin.

二倍體卵母細胞：具有一組額外的母體單倍體染色體的卵母細胞。

Diminished ovarian reserve A term generally used to indicate a reduced number and/or reduced quality of oocytes, such that the ability to reproduce is decreased. (See ovarian reserve.)

卵巢儲備減少：通常用來表示卵母細胞數量減少和/或質量降低，從而導致繁殖能力下降的術語。(參見卵巢儲備。)

Diploidy/euploidy The condition in which a cell has two haploid sets of chromosomes. Each chromosome in one set is paired with its counterpart in the other set. A diploid embryo has 22 pairs of autosomes and two sex chromosomes, the normal condition.

二倍體/整倍性：細胞具有兩組單倍體染色體的狀態。一組中的每一條染色體都與另一組中的對應染色體配對。二倍體胚胎有22對常染色體和兩條性染色體，這是正常情況。

Disomy The normal number of chromosomes characterized by 22 pairs of autosomal chromosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes (XX or XY). The chromosome number in human cells is normally 46.

雙軀干畸形；二體性：染色體的正常數目，以22對常染色體和一對性染色體(XX或XY)為特征。人類細胞的染色體數目通常是46。

Donor insemination The process of placing laboratory processed sperm or semen from a man into the reproductive tract of a woman who is not his intimate sexual partner, for the purpose of initiating a pregnancy.

供體人工授精：將實驗室處理過的男性精子或精液放入不是其親密性伴的女性生殖道的過程，目的是開始受孕。

Double embryo transfer (DET) The transfer of two embryos in an ART procedure. This may be elective (eDET) when more than two embryos of sufficient quality for transfer are available.

雙胚胎移植（DET）：在ART程序中轉移兩個胚胎。當有兩個以上質量足以轉移的胚胎可用時，這可能是選擇性的（eDET）。

Early neonatal death/mortality Death of a newborn within 7 days of birth.

新生兒早期死亡/死亡率：新生兒出生后7天內死亡。

Ectopic pregnancy A pregnancy outside the uterine cavity, diagnosed by ultrasound, surgical visualization or histopathology.

宮外孕：宮腔外妊娠，經超聲、手術可視化或組織病理學診斷。

Ejaculation Co-ordinated contractions of the genitourinary tract leading to the ejection of spermatozoa and seminal fluid.

射精：泌尿生殖道的協調收縮，導致精子和精液排出。

Ejaculation retardata A condition resulting in an inability to ejaculate during vaginal intercourse.

射精遲緩：一種導致陰道性交時不能射精的情況。

Ejaculatory duct The canal that passes through the prostate just lateral to the verumontanum where the vas deferens and the duct from the seminal vesicle coalesce.

射精管：穿過前列腺的管道，正好在精阜的外側，輸精管和精囊的管道在這里匯合。

Elective embryo transfer The transfer of one or more embryos, selected from a larger cohort of available embryos.

選擇性胚胎移植：從一大批可用胚胎中挑選出的一個或多個胚胎的移植。

Elective single embryo transfer (eSET)

The transfer of one (a single) embryo selected from a larger cohort of available embryos.

選擇性單胚胎移植(ESET)：從較大的可用胚胎隊列中選擇一個(單個)胚胎進行移植。

Embryo The biological organism resulting from the development of the zygote, until eight completed weeks after fertilization, equivalent to 10 weeks of gestational age.

胚胎：由受精卵發育而成的生物有機體，直到受精后8周完成，相當于10周的胎齡。

Embryo bank Repository of cryopreserved embryos stored for future use.

胚胎庫：冷凍保存的胚胎的儲存庫，以備將來使用。

Embryo donation (for reproduction) An ART cycle, which consists of the transfer of an embryo to the uterus or Fallopian tube of a female recipient, resulting from gametes that did not originate from the female recipient or from her male partner, if present.

胚胎捐獻(用于繁殖)：一種ART周期，包括將胚胎移植到代孕者的子宮或輸卵管，其結果不是來自代孕者或其男性伴侶(如果有)的配子。

Embryo fragmentation The process during which one or more blastomeres shed membrane vesicles containing cytoplasm and occasionally whole chromosomes or chromatin.

胚胎碎裂：一個或多個卵裂球脫落含有細胞質的膜泡，偶爾還會脫落整個染色體或染色質的過程。

Embryo recipient cycle An ART cycle in which a womans uterus is prepared to receive one or more cleavage stage embryos/blastocysts, resulting from gametes that did not originate from her or from her male partner, if present.

代孕者周期：婦女的子宮準備接受一個或多個卵裂期胚胎/囊胚的ART周期，這些胚胎/囊胚是由不是來自她或她的男性伴侶(如果存在)的配子產生的。

Embryo transfer (ET) Placement into the uterus of an embryo at any embryonic stage from day 1 to day 7 after IVF or ICSI.Embryos from day 1 to day three can also be transferred into the Fallopian tube.

胚胎移植(ET)：在IVF或ICSI后第1天至第7天的任何胚胎階段將胚胎植入子宮。從第1天到第3天的胚胎也可以移植到輸卵管中。

Embryo transfer cycle An ART cycle in which one or more fresh or frozen/thawed embryos at cleavage or blastocyst stage are transferred into the uterus or Fallopian tube.

胚胎移植周期：一個或多個處于卵裂或囊胚階段的新鮮或冷凍/解凍的胚胎被移植到子宮或輸卵管的ART周期。

Emission (semen) Co-ordinated contractions of the vas deferentia, seminal vesicles, and ejaculatory ducts leading to deposition of semen into the urethral meatus prior to ejaculation.

排泄(精液)：輸精管、精囊和射精管的協調收縮，導致精液在射精前沉積到尿道口。

Endometriosis A disease characterized by the presence of endometrium-like epithelium and stroma outside the endometrium and myometrium. Intrapelvic endometriosis can be located superficially on the peritoneum (peritoneal endometriosis), can extend 5 mm or more beneath the peritoneum (deep endometriosis) or can be present as an ovarian endometriotic cyst (endometrioma).

子宮內膜異位癥：在子宮內膜和子宮肌層外出現子宮內膜樣上皮和間質的一種疾病。盆腔內子宮內膜異位癥可以位于腹膜淺層(腹膜子宮內膜異位癥)，可以在腹膜下延伸5 mm或更多(深層子宮內膜異位癥)，也可以表現為卵巢子宮內膜異位囊腫( [醫] 子宮內膜瘤，子宮腺肌瘤)。

Epididymis A convoluted, highly coiled duct that transports the spermatozoa from the testis via the efferent ducts to the vas deferens.

附睪：一種曲折的高度卷曲的管道，將精子從睪丸通過傳出管道輸送到輸精管。

Erectile dysfunction Inability to have and/or sustain an erection sufficient for intercourse.

勃起功能障礙：不能有和/或維持足以性交的勃起。

Euploidy The condition in which a cell has chromosomes in an exact multiple of the haploid number; in the human this multiple is normally two. Thus, a normal embryo that is euploid is also diploid.

整倍體：細胞的染色體數目正好是單倍體數目的倍數；在人類中，這個倍數通常是兩倍。因此，一個正常的整倍體胚胎也是二倍體的。

Excessive ovarian response An exaggerated response to ovarian stimulation characterized by the presence of more follicles than intended. Generally, more than 20 follicles >12 mm in size and/or more than 20 oocytes collected following ovarian stimulation are considered excessive, but these numbers are adaptable according to ethnic and other variables.

卵巢過度反應：對卵巢刺激的夸大反應，其特征是卵泡比預期的多。一般來說，超過20個卵泡>12毫米和/或超過20個卵母細胞在卵巢刺激后收集被認為是過量的，但這些數字可以根據種族和其他變量進行調整。

Expectant fertility management Management of fertility problems including infertility without any specific active clinical or therapeutic interventions other than fertility information and advice, to improve natural fertility, based upon the probability of becoming pregnant.

預期生育管理：根據懷孕的可能性，在沒有任何具體的積極的臨床或治療干預的情況下，根據懷孕的可能性，對生育問題進行管理，以提高自然生育率。

Extremely low birth weight Birth weight less than 1000 g.

極低出生體重：出生體重小于1000克。

Extremely preterm birth A birth that takes place after 22 but before 28 completed weeks of gestational age.

極早產：22周以后但28周胎齡到達之前發生的分娩。

Fecundability The probability of a pregnancy, during a single menstrual cycle in a woman with adequate exposure to sperm and no contraception, culminating in a live birth. In population-based studies, fecundability is frequently measured as the monthly probability.

受精率：在一個月經周期內，如果女性有足夠的精子暴露，且沒有避孕措施，最終導致活產，那么懷孕的可能性。在以人口為基礎的研究中，繁殖力通常以每月的概率來衡量。

Fecundity Clinically defined as the capacity to have a live birth.

繁殖力：在臨床上被定義為有活產的能力

Female infertility Infertility caused primarily by female factors encompassing: ovulatory disturbances; diminished ovarian reserve; anatomical, endocrine, genetic, functional or immunological abnormalities of the reproductive system; chronic illness; and sexual conditions incompatible with coitus.

女性不孕：主要由女性因素引起，包括：排卵障礙；卵巢儲備減少；生殖系統的解剖、內分泌、遺傳、功能或免疫異常；慢性病；以及性條件與性交不相容。

Fertility The capacity to establish a clinical pregnancy.

生育力：確定臨床妊娠的能力。

Fertility awareness The understanding of reproduction, fecundity, fecundability, and related individual risk factors (e.g.advanced age, sexual health factors such as sexually transmitted infections, and life style factors such as smoking, obesity) and non-individual risk factors (e.g. environmental and work place factors); including the awareness of societal and cultural factors affecting options to meet reproductive family planning, as well as family building needs.

生育意識：包括對生殖、生育、生育能力和相關個人風險因素(如高齡、性傳播感染等性健康因素、吸煙、肥胖等生活方式因素)和非個人風險因素(如環境和工作場所因素)的認識；包括對影響生殖計劃生育選擇的社會和文化因素的認識，以及家庭建設需要。

Fertility care Interventions that include fertility awareness, support and fertility management with an intention to assist individuals and couples to realize their desires associated with reproduction and/or to build a family.

生育保健干預措施：包括生育意識、支持和生育管理，目的是幫助個人和夫婦實現與生殖和/或建立家庭相關的愿望。

Fertility preservation Various interventions, procedures and technologies, including cryopreservation of gametes, embryos or ovarian and testicular tissue to preserve reproductive capacity.

保存生育能力的各種干預措施、程序和技術：包括冷凍保存配子、胚胎或卵巢和睪丸組織，以保持生殖能力。

Fertilization A sequence of biological processes initiated by entry of a spermatozoon into a mature oocyte followed by formation of the pronuclei.

受精：精子進入成熟卵母細胞后形成原核所啟動的一系列生物學過程。

Fetal loss Death of a fetus. It is referred to as early fetal loss when death takes place between 10 and 22 weeks of gestational age; late fetal loss, when death takes place between 22 and 28 weeks of gestational age; and stillbirth when death takes place after 28 weeks gestational age.

胎兒丟失胎兒死亡：當死亡發生在10周到22周之間時，它被稱為早期胎兒丟失；當死亡發生在22周到28周之間時，它被稱為晚期胎兒丟失；當死亡發生在28周之后時，它被稱為死產。

Fetus The stages of development of an organism from eight completed weeks of fertilization (equivalent to 10 weeks of gestational age) until the end of pregnancy.

胎兒：從受精8周(相當于妊娠10周)到妊娠結束的有機體的發育階段。

Freeze-all cycle An ART cycle in which, after oocyte aspiration, all oocytes and/or embryos are cryopreserved and no oocytes and/or embryos are transferred to a woman in that cycle.

全冷凍周期：在獲取卵母細胞后，所有的卵母細胞和/或胚胎都被冷凍保存，并且在該周期中沒有卵母細胞和/或胚胎被移植給女性的一種ART周期。

Frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) cycle

An ART procedure in which cycle monitoring is carried out with the intention of transferring to a woman, frozen/thawed or vitrified/warmed embryo(s)/blastocyst(s). Note: A FET cycle is initiated when specific medication is provided or cycle monitoring is started in the female recipient with the intention to transfer an embryo.

冷凍-解凍胚胎移植(FET)周期：進行周期監測的一種ART程序，目的是將冷凍/解凍或玻璃化/溫凍胚胎/囊胚移植給女性。注：FET周期是在女性受者為了移植胚胎而提供特定藥物或開始周期監測的情況下開始的。

Frozen-thawed oocyte cycle An ART procedure in which cycle monitoring is carried out with the intention of fertilizing thawed/warmed oocytes and performing an embryo transfer.

冷凍-解凍卵母細胞周期：對周期進行監測，目的是使解凍/復蘇的卵母細胞受精并進行胚胎移植。

Full-term birth A birth that takes place between 37 and 42 completed weeks of gestational age.

足月分娩：在37至42周之間出生的嬰兒已滿胎齡。

Gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT)

An ART procedure in which both gametes (oocytes and spermatozoa) are transferred into a Fallopian tube(s).

配子輸卵管內移植(GIFT)：將配子(卵母細胞和精子)移植到輸卵管中的一種輔助生殖技術。

Germinal vesicle (GV) The nucleus in an oocyte at prophase I.

生發泡(GV)：I前期卵母細胞的細胞核。

Gestational age The age of an embryo or fetus calculated by the best obstetric estimate determined by assessments which may include early ultrasound and the date of the last menstrual period and/or perinatal details. In the case of ART, it is calculated by adding two weeks (14 days) to the number of completed weeks since fertilization. Note: For frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) cycles, an estimated date of fertilization is computed by subtracting the combined number of days an embryo was in culture pre-cryopreservation and post-thaw/-warm, from the transfer date of the FET cycle.

胎齡：通過評估確定的最佳產科估計計算出的胚胎或胎兒的年齡，評估可能包括早期超聲、最后一次月經日期和/或圍產期細節。在ART的情況下，它是通過在受精后的完整周數上加上兩周(14天)來計算的。注：對于凍融胚胎移植(FET)周期，估計受精日期是從FET周期的移植日期減去胚胎冷凍前和解凍后/解凍后的培養天數來計算的。

Gestational carrier A woman who carries a pregnancy with an agreement that she will give the offspring to the intended parent(s). Gametes can originate from the intended parent(s) and/or a third party (or parties). This replaces the term ‘surrogate.’

代孕者：懷孕的婦女，約定將孩子交給預期的父母。配子可以來自預期的父母和/或第三方(或多個方)。這取代了代孕這個詞。

Gestational sac A fluid-filled structure associated with early pregnancy, which may be located inside or, in the case of an ectopic pregnancy, outside the uterus.

妊娠囊：一種與早孕有關的充滿液體的結構，可能位于子宮內，如果是異位妊娠，則可能位于子宮外。

Globozoospermia Describes spermatozoa with a reduced or absent acrosome.

圓頭精子癥：描述頂體減少或缺失的精子。

Haploidy The condition in which a cell has one set of each of the 23 single chromosomes. Mature human gametes are haploid, each having 23 single chromosomes.

單倍體：一種細胞具有23條單個染色體中每條染色體的一組染色體的狀態。成熟的人類配子是單倍體，每個配子都有23條單染色體。

Hatching The process by which an embryo at the blastocyst stage extrudes out of, and ultimately separates from,the zona pellucida.

孵化：囊胚階段的胚胎從透明帶中擠出并最終脫離透明帶的過程。

Heterotopic pregnancy Concurrent pregnancy involving at least one embryo implanted in the uterine cavity and at least one implanted outside of the uterine cavity.

異位妊娠：同時妊娠包括至少一個胚胎植入宮腔和至少一個胚胎植入宮腔外。

High-order multiple births The complete expulsion or extraction from their mother of three or more fetuses, after 22 completed weeks of gestational age, irrespective of whether they are live births or stillbirths.

高位多胞胎：胎齡滿22周后，無論是活產還是死產，從母親那里完全排出或取出三個或三個以上胎兒。

High-order multiple gestation A pregnancy with three or more embryos or fetuses.

高位多胎妊娠：有三個或三個以上胚胎或胎兒的妊娠。

Hydrosalpinx A distally occluded, dilated, fluid-filled Fallopian tube.

輸卵管積水：輸卵管遠端閉塞、擴張、充滿液體。

Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism Gonadal failure associated with reduced gametogenesis, reduced gonadal steroid production and elevated gonadotropin production.

高促性腺素性性腺功能減退癥：性腺衰竭與配子發生減少，性腺類固醇產生減少和促性腺激素產生增加有關。

Hyperspermia High volume of ejaculate above the upper reference limit. When reporting results, the reference criteria should be specified.

精液過多：射精量超過參考值上限。在報告結果時，應指定參考標準。

Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism Gonadal failure associated with reduced gametogenesis and reduced gonadal steroid production due to reduced gonadotropin production or action.

促性腺激素減退癥：性腺功能衰竭與配子發生減少和性腺類固醇產生減少有關，原因是促性腺激素的產生或作用減少。

Hypospermatogenesis Histopathologic description of reduced production of spermatozoa in the testes.

精子生成機能低下：睪丸精子產量減少的組織病理學描述。

Hypospermia Low volume of ejaculate below the lower reference limit. When reporting results, the reference criteria should be specified.

精子減少癥：射精量低于參考下限。在報告結果時，應指定參考標準。

Iatrogenic testicular failure Damage to testicular function after radiation, chemotherapy or hormone treatment; or devascularization as a consequence of hernia surgery.

醫源性睪丸衰竭：放療、化療或激素治療后睪丸功能受損；或疝氣手術后血管

斷流。

Immature oocyte An oocyte at prophase of meiosis I, (i.e. an oocyte at the germinal vesicle (GV)-stage.)

未成熟卵：處于減數分裂I前期的卵母細胞(即處于生發泡(GV)階段的卵母細胞)。

Implantation The attachment and subsequent penetration by a zona-free blastocyst into the endometrium, but when it relates to an ectopic pregnancy, into tissue outside the uterine cavity. This process starts 5 to 7 days after fertilization of the oocyte usually resulting in the formation of a gestation sac.

植入術：無透明帶的囊胚附著并隨后穿透子宮內膜，但當它與異位妊娠有關時，則是穿透子宮腔外的組織。這個過程在卵母細胞受精后5到7天開始，通常會導致妊娠囊的形成。

Implantation rate The number of gestational sacs observed divided by the number of embryos transferred (usually expressed as a percentage, %).

著床率：觀察到的妊娠囊數除以移植的胚胎數(通常表示為百分比，%)。

In vitro fertilization (IVF) A sequence of procedures that involves extracorporeal fertilization of gametes. It includes conventional in vitro insemination and ICSI.

體外受精(IVF)：涉及配子體外受精的一系列過程。它包括常規的體外受精和ICSI。

In vitro maturation (IVM) A sequence of laboratory procedures that enable extracorporeal maturation of immature oocytes into fully mature oocytes that are capable of being fertilized with potential to develop into embryos.

體外成熟(IVM)：一系列實驗室程序，使未成熟的卵母細胞體外成熟為完全成熟的卵母細胞，這些卵母細胞能夠受精并有可能發育成胚胎。

Induced abortion Intentional loss of an intrauterine pregnancy, through intervention by medical, surgical or unspecified means. (See induced embryo/fetal reduction.)

人工流產：通過內科、外科或未指明的方法干預，故意失去宮內妊娠。(請參見誘導胚胎/胎兒減數。)

Induced embryo/fetal reduction An intervention intended to reduce the number of gestational sacs or embryos/fetuses in a multiple gestation.

誘導胚胎/胎兒減少：一種旨在減少多胎妊娠中妊娠囊或胚胎/胎兒數量的干預措施。

Infertility A disease characterized by the failure to establish a clinical pregnancy after 12 months of regular,unprotected sexual intercourse or due to an impairment of a persons capacity to reproduce either as an individual or with his/her partner. Fertility interventions may be initiated in less than 1 year based on medical, sexual and reproductive history, age, physical findings and diagnostic testing.Infertility is a disease, which generates disability as an impairment of function.

不孕癥：一種疾病，其特征是在正常的、無保護的性交12個月后，或由于個人或與其伴侶的生殖能力受損而未能確診為臨床妊娠。根據病史、性史和生育史、年齡、體格檢查和診斷測試，生育干預可在不到一年的時間內啟動。不孕癥是一種疾病，它會導致功能受損而導致殘疾。

Infertility counseling A professional intervention with the intention to mitigate the physical, emotional and psychosocial consequences of infertility.

不孕癥咨詢：一種旨在減輕不孕癥的生理、情感和心理社會后果的專業干預方法。

Initiated medically assisted reproduction cycle (iMAR) A cycle in which the woman receives specific medication for ovarian stimulation or in which cycle monitoring is carried out with the intention to treat, irrespective of whether or not insemination is performed, follicular aspiration is attempted in an ovarian stimulation cycle or whether egg(s) or embryo(s) are thawed or transferred in a frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycle.

啟動醫學輔助生殖周期(IMAR)：一種周期，在該周期中，婦女接受特定的藥物進行卵巢刺激，或者在周期監測中進行治療，無論是否進行人工授精，在卵巢刺激周期中嘗試卵泡抽吸，或者在冷凍胚胎移植(FET)周期中嘗試卵子或胚胎解凍或移植。

Inner cell mass A group of cells attached to the polar trophectoderm consisting of embryonic stem cells, which have the potential to develop into cells and tissues in the human body, except the placenta or amniotic membranes.

內細胞團：附著在滋養外胚層一端上的一組細胞，由胚胎干細胞組成，有可能發育成人體內除胎盤或羊膜以外的細胞和組織。

Intended parent(s) A couple or person who seek(s) to reproduce with the assistance of a gestational carrier or traditional gestational carrier.

預期的父母：在妊娠載體（代孕）或傳統妊娠載體的幫助下尋求繁殖的夫婦或人。

Intra-cervical insemination A procedure in which laboratory processed sperm are placed in the cervix to attempt a pregnancy.

宮頸內受精：將實驗室處理過的精子放入宮頸以嘗試受孕的過程。

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) A procedure in which a single spermatozoon is injected into the oocyte cytoplasm.

卵胞漿內單精子注射(ICSI)：一種將單個精子注入卵母細胞細胞質的過程。

Intra-uterine insemination A procedure in which laboratory processed sperm are placed in the uterus to attempt a pregnancy.

宮內受精：將實驗室處理過的精子放入子宮以嘗試受孕的過程。

Intra-uterine pregnancy A state of reproduction in which an embryo has implanted in the uterus.

宮內妊娠：胚胎植入子宮的生殖狀態。

Laparoscopic ovarian drilling A surgical method for inducing ovulation in females with anovulatory or oligo-ovulatory polycystic ovarian syndrome, utilizing either laser or electrosurgery.

腹腔鏡卵巢打孔術：利用激光或電外科技術，對患有無排卵性或少排卵性多囊卵巢綜合征的女性患者進行排卵的一種手術方法。

Large for gestational age A birth weight greater than the 90th centile of the sex-specific birth weight for a given gestational age reference. When reporting outcomes, the reference criteria should be specified. If gestational age is unknown, then the birth weight should be registered.

大于胎齡兒出生體重：大于給定胎齡參考的性別特異性出生體重的90%。報告結果時，應指定參考標準。如果胎齡未知，則應記錄出生體重。

Leukospermia A high number of white blood cells in semen above the upper reference limit. When reporting results,the reference criteria should be specified.

?吃阿莫西林可以喝酒嗎(吃阿莫西林可以喝酒嗎)?早晨吃了阿莫西林晚上可以喝酒嗎一、吃阿莫西林可以喝酒嗎服用阿莫西林后是可以喝酒的，但患者需要適量飲酒，最好的情況下是不飲酒，過度飲

白細胞精液癥：精液中白細胞數量高于參考上限。在報告結果時，應指定參考標準。

Leydig cell Type of testicular cell located in the interstitial space between the seminiferous tubules, that secretes testosterone.

間質細胞：睪丸細胞的一種類型，位于生精小管之間的間質間隙中，分泌睪酮。

Live birth The complete expulsion or extraction from a woman of a product of fertilization, after 22 completed weeks of gestational age; which, after such separation, breathes or shows any other evidence of life, such as heart beat, umbilical cord pulsation or definite movement of voluntary muscles,irrespective of whether the umbilical cord has been cut or the placenta is attached. A birth weight of 500 grams or more can be used if gestational age is unknown. Live births refer to the individual newborn; for example, a twin delivery represents two live births.

活產：在胎齡22周后，從懷孕的婦女中完全排出或抽出；在這種分離之后，無論臍帶是否被切斷或胎盤附著，呼吸或顯示任何其他生命證據，例如心跳，臍帶搏動或隨意肌肉的確定運動。如果胎齡未知，可以使用500克或更多的出生體重。活產是指個體新生兒；例如，雙胞胎分娩代表兩個活產。

Live birth delivery rate The number of deliveries that resulted in at least one live birth, expressed per 100 cycle attempts. In the case of ART/MAR interventions, they can be initiated cycles, insemination, aspiration cycles or embryo transfer cycles. When delivery rates are given, the denominator (initiated, inseminated, aspirated or embryo transfer cycles) must be specified.

活產分娩率：每100個周期嘗試分娩至少產生一次活產的分娩次數。在ART/MAR干預的情況下，它們可以啟動周期、人工授精、獲卵周期或胚胎移植周期。在給定受孕率時，必須指定分母(啟動周期、受精周期、獲卵周期或胚胎移植周期)。

Low birth weight Birth weight less than 2500 g.

低出生體重兒：出生體重小于2500克。

Luteal phase defect A poorly defined abnormality of the endometrium presumably due to abnormally low progesterone secretion or action on the endometrium.

黃體期缺陷：子宮內膜的一種界限不清的異常，可能是由于孕酮分泌或對子宮內膜的作用異常所致。

Luteal phase support Hormonal supplementation in the luteal phase, usually progesterone.

黃體期支持：黃體期補充激素，通常是黃體酮。

Major congenital anomaly A congenital anomaly that requires surgical repair of a defect, is a visually evident or life-threatening structural or functional defect, or causes death.

重大先天畸形：需要手術修復缺陷的先天畸形，是一種視覺上明顯的或危及生命的結構或功能缺陷，或導致死亡。

Male infertility Infertility caused primarily by male factors encompassing: abnormal semen parameters or function; anatomical, endocrine, genetic, functional or immunological abnormalities of the reproductive system; chronic illness; and sexual conditions incompatible with the ability to deposit semen in the vagina.

男性不育：主要由男性因素引起，包括：精液參數或功能異常；生殖系統的解剖、內分泌、遺傳、功能或免疫異常；慢性病；以及性條件與陰道內儲存精液的能力不相容的狀況。

Maternal spindle transfer Transfer of the maternal spindle (including maternal chromosomes) from a patients oocyte into a donated oocyte in which the maternal spindle with chromosomes has been removed.

母體紡錘體轉移：將母體紡錘體(包括母體染色體)從患者的卵母細胞轉移到捐贈的卵母細胞中，在捐贈卵母細胞中，帶有染色體的母體紡錘體已被移除。

Mature oocyte An oocyte at metaphase of meiosis II, exhibiting the first polar body and with the ability to become fertilized.

成熟卵母細胞：處于減數分裂II中期的卵母細胞，具有第一極體和受精的能力。

?熬夜酗酒吸煙傷害肝臟增強肝功能6個日常小妙招?肝臟在人體中起著去除毒素、蛋白質代謝以及分解等功能，可以說是人體最繁忙的器官。現代人作息不正常、熬夜甚至酗酒吸煙等不良習慣，在無形

Maturing oocyte An oocyte that has progressed from prophase I but has not completed telophase I, thus does not exhibit the first polar body.

還未出現第一極體的成熟中的卵母細胞：從前期I進展到末期I的卵母細胞，因此不會出現第一極體。

Medically assisted reproduction (MAR)

Reproduction brought about through various interventions, procedures, surgeries and technologies to treat different forms of fertility impairment and infertility. These include ovulation induction,ovarian stimulation, ovulation triggering, all ART procedures, uterine transplantation and intra-uterine, intracervical and intravaginal insemination with semen of husband/partner or donor.

醫學輔助生殖(MAR)：是通過各種干預措施、程序、手術和技術來治療不同形式的生育障礙和不孕癥而帶來的生殖。這些措施包括誘導排卵、刺激卵巢、觸發排卵、所有ART、子宮移植和用丈夫/伴侶或捐贈者的精液進行宮內、宮頸和陰道內授精。

Microdissection testicular sperm extraction (MicroTESE)

A surgical procedure using an operating microscope to identify seminiferous tubules that may contain sperm to be extracted for IVF and/or ICSI.

顯微分離睪丸精子提取(MicroTESE)：一種外科手術，使用手術顯微鏡識別可能含有精子的生精小管，以供體外受精和/或ICSI。

Micromanipulation in ART A micro-operative ART procedure performed on sperm, egg or embryo; the most common ART micromanipulation procedures are ICSI, assisted hatching and gamete or embryo biopsy for PGT.

ART中的顯微操作：在精子，卵子或胚胎上進行的顯微操作ART程序；最常見的ART顯微操作程序是ICSI，輔助孵化和PGT的配子或胚胎活檢。

Microsurgical epididymal sperm aspiration/extraction (MESA/MESE)

A surgical procedure performed with the assistance of an operating microscope to retrieve sperm from the epididymis of men with obstructive azoospermia. In the absence of optical magnification, any surgical procedure to retrieve sperm from the epididymis should also be registered as MESE.

顯微手術附睪精子抽吸術(MESA/MESE)：在手術顯微鏡的輔助下，從梗阻性無精子癥患者的附睪中取出精子的外科手術。在沒有光學放大的情況下，任何從附睪取出精子的手術都應該注冊為Mese。

Mild ovarian stimulation for IVF A protocol in which the ovaries are stimulated with gonadotropins, and/or other pharmacological compounds, with the intention of limiting the number of oocytes following stimulation for IVF.

溫和卵巢刺激用于體外受精：一種方案，用促性腺激素和/或其他藥理化合物刺激卵巢，目的是限制刺激后的卵母細胞數量。

Missed spontaneous abortion/missed miscarriage

Spontaneous loss of a clinical pregnancy before 22 completed weeks of gestational age, in which the embryo(s) or fetus(es) is/are nonviable and is/are not spontaneously absorbed or expelled from the uterus.

誤診自然流產/誤診流產：臨床妊娠在22周前自然流產，其中胚胎或胎兒不能存活，不能自發吸收或排出子宮。

Modified natural cycle An ART procedure in which one or more oocytes are collected from the ovaries during a spontaneous menstrual cycle. Pharmacological compounds are administered with the sole purpose of blocking the spontaneous LH surge and/or inducing final oocyte maturation.

改良自然周期：在自然月經周期中從卵巢收集一個或多個卵母細胞的程序。使用藥物化合物的唯一目的是阻斷自發的LH峰和/或誘導最終的卵母細胞成熟。

Monosomy The absence of one of the two homologous chromosomes in embryos. Autosomal monosomies in embryos are not compatible with life. Embryos with sex chromosome monosomies are rarely compatible with life.

單體性染色體：胚胎中兩個同源染色體之一的缺失。胚胎中的常染色體單體性與生命不匹配。具有性染色體單體性的胚胎很少與生活匹配。

Morula An embryo formed after completion of compaction, typically 4 days after insemination or ICSI.

桑葚胚：通常在授精或ICSI后4天，壓實完成后形成胚胎。

Mosaicism A state in which there is more than one karyotypically distinct cell population arising from a single embryo.

鑲嵌性：一種狀態，在這種狀態下，有一個以上的核型不同的細胞群體卻來自單個胚胎。

Multinucleation The presence of more than one nucleus in a cell.

多核現象：一個細胞中存在一個以上的細胞核。

Multiple birth The complete expulsion or extraction from a woman of more than one fetus, after 22 completed weeks of gestational age, irrespective of whether it is a live birth or stillbirth. Births refer to the individual newborn; for example, a twin delivery represents two births.

多胎：一名婦女在懷孕22周后，無論是活產還是死產，完全排出或取出一個以上的胎兒。出生指的是單個新生兒；例如，雙胞胎分娩代表兩個新生兒。

Multiple gestation A pregnancy with more than one embryo or fetus.

多胎妊娠：有一個以上胚胎或胎兒的妊娠。

Natural cycle ART An ART procedure in which one or more oocytes are collected from the ovaries during a menstrual cycle without the use of any pharmacological compound.

自然周期技術：在月經周期中，不使用任何藥理化合物，從卵巢收集一個或多個卵母細胞的一種程序。

Necrozoospermia The description of an ejaculate in which no live spermatozoa can be found.

死精癥：精液中找不到活精子的描述。

Neonatal death/mortality Death of a live born baby within 28 days of birth. This can be sub-divided into a) early, if death occurs in the first 7 days after birth; and b) late, if death occurs between 8 and 28 days after birth.

新生兒死亡/死亡率：活產嬰兒出生后28天內死亡。這可以細分為a)早，如果死亡發生在出生后的頭7天；b)晚，如果死亡發生在出生后8到28天之間。

Neonatal mortality rate Number of neonatal deaths (up to 28 days) per 1000 live births.

新生兒死亡率：每1000名活產新生兒死亡人數(最多28天)。

Neonatal period The period which commences at birth and ends at 28 completed days after birth.

新生兒期：從出生開始，到出生后28天結束。

Non-obstructive azoospermia Absence of spermatozoa in the ejaculate due to lack of production of mature spermatozoa.

非梗阻性無精子癥：由于缺乏成熟精子而導致射精液中精子缺失。

Nuclear maturation The process during which the oocyte resumes meiosis and progresses from prophase I to metaphase II.

核成熟：卵母細胞恢復減數分裂，從前期I發展到中期II的過程。

Obstructive azoospermia Absence of spermatozoa in the ejaculate due to occlusion of the ductal system.

梗阻性無精子癥：由于導管系統阻塞導致射精液中精子缺失。

Oligospermia A term for low semen volume now replaced by hypospermia to avoid confusion with oligozoospermia.

少精子癥：現在被 [醫]精子減少癥取代，指的是低精液量，以避免與精子減少混淆。

Oligozoospermia Low concentration of spermatozoa in the ejaculate below the lower reference limit. When reporting results, the reference criteria should be specified.

少精子癥：精液中精子濃度低于參考下限。在報告結果時，應指定參考標準。

Oocyte The female gamete (egg).

卵母細胞：雌配子(卵)。

Oocyte aspiration Ovarian follicular aspiration performed with the aim of retrieving oocytes.

卵母細胞抽吸：卵巢卵泡抽吸術的目的是取出卵母細胞。

Oocyte bank Repository of cryopreserved oocytes stored for future use.

卵母細胞庫：冷凍保存的卵母細胞的儲存庫，以備將來使用。

Oocyte donation The use of oocytes from an egg donor for reproductive purposes or research.

卵母細胞捐獻：將卵子捐獻者的卵母細胞用于生殖或研究。

Oocyte donation cycle An ART cycle in which oocytes are collected from an egg donor for reproductive purposes or research.

卵子捐獻周期：從卵子捐獻者那里收集卵母細胞用于生殖或研究的ART周期。

Oocyte cryopreservation The freezing or vitrification of oocytes for future use.

卵母細胞冷凍保存：將卵母細胞冷凍或玻璃化，以備將來使用。

Oocyte maturation triggering An intervention intended to induce an oocytein vitroorin vivoto resume meiosis to reach maturity (i.e.to reach metaphase II).

卵母細胞成熟：觸發旨在誘導卵母細胞體外成熟的干預，使其恢復減數分裂以達到成熟(即達到中期II)。

Oocyte recipient cycle An ART cycle in which a woman receives oocytes from a donor, or her partner if in a same sex relationship, to be used for reproductive purposes.

卵母細胞接受周期：女性從捐贈者或其伴侶(如果是同性伴侶)那里接收卵母細胞，用于生殖目的的一種ART周期。

Oolemma The cytoplasmic membrane enclosing the oocyte.

卵母細胞膜：包裹卵母細胞的細胞膜。

Ooplasm The cytoplasm of the oocyte.

卵質：卵母細胞的細胞質。

Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS)

An exaggerated systemic response to ovarian stimulation characterized by a wide spectrum of clinical and laboratory manifestations. It may be classified as mild, moderate or severe according to the degree of abdominal distention, ovarian enlargement and respiratory, hemodynamic and metabolic complications.

卵巢過度刺激綜合征(OHSS)：對卵巢刺激的一種夸張的全身反應，其特點是臨床和實驗室表現廣泛。根據腹脹、卵巢腫大及呼吸、血流動力學和代謝并發癥的程度可分為輕、中、重度。

Ovarian reserve A term generally used to indicate the number and/or quality of oocytes, reflecting the ability to reproduce. Ovarian reserve can be assessed by any of several means. They include: female age;number of antral follicles on ultrasound; anti-Mullerian hormone levels; follicle stimulating hormone and estradiol levels; clomiphene citrate challenge test; response to gonadotropin stimulation, and oocyte and/or embryo assessment during an ART procedure, based on number,morphology or genetic assessment of the oocytes and/or embryos.

卵巢儲備：通常用來表示卵母細胞的數量和/或質量，反映繁殖能力的術語。卵巢儲備可以用幾種方法中的任何一種來評估。這些指標包括：女性年齡；超聲檢查的有腔卵泡數；抗苗勒氏激素水平；卵泡刺激素和雌二醇水平；克羅米芬檸檬酸鹽激發試驗；對促性腺激素刺激的反應；以及基于卵母細胞和/或胚胎的數量、形態或遺傳評估，在ART過程中對卵母細胞和/或胚胎的評估。

Ovarian stimulation (OS) Pharmacological treatment with the intention of inducing the development of ovarian follicles. It can be used for two purposes: 1) for timed intercourse or insemination; 2) in ART, to obtain multiple oocytes at follicular aspiration.

卵巢刺激(OS)：旨在誘導卵泡發育的藥物治療。它可用于兩個目的：1)定時交配或授精；2)在ART中，在卵泡抽吸時獲得多個卵母細胞。

Ovarian tissue cryopreservation The process of slow-freezing or vitrification of tissue surgically excised from the ovary with the intention of preserving reproductive capacity.

卵巢組織冷凍保存：對手術切除的卵巢組織進行緩慢冷凍或玻璃化冷凍的過程，目的是為了保持生殖能力。

Ovarian torsion Partial or complete rotation of the ovarian vascular pedicle that causes obstruction to ovarian blood flow, potentially leading to necrosis of ovarian tissue.

卵巢扭轉：卵巢血管蒂的部分或全部旋轉，導致卵巢血流受阻，可能導致卵巢組織壞死。

Ovulation The natural process of expulsion of a mature egg from its ovarian follicle.

排卵：成熟卵子從卵泡中排出的自然過程。

Ovulation induction (OI) Pharmacological treatment of women with anovulation or oligo-ovulation with the intention of inducing normal ovulatory cycles.

誘導排卵(OI)：藥物治療無排卵或少排卵的婦女，旨在誘導正常排卵周期。

Parthenogenetic activation The process by which an oocyte is activated to undergo development in the absence of fertilization.

孤雌激活：卵母細胞在沒有受精的情況下被激活發育的過程

Parthenote The product of an oocyte that has undergone activation in the absence of the paternal genome, with (induced) or without (spontaneous) a purposeful intervention.

無精生殖生物：在沒有父系基因組的情況下，經過(誘導)或沒有(自發)有目的干預的卵母細胞激活的產物。

Percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration (PESA)

A surgical procedure in which a needle is introduced percutaneously into the epididymis with the intention of obtaining sperm.

經皮附睪精子抽吸術(PESA)：是一種將針頭經皮插入附睪以獲取精子的外科手術。

Perinatal death/mortality Fetal or neonatal death occurring during late pregnancy (at 22 completed weeks of gestational age and later), during childbirth, or up to seven completed days after birth.

圍產期死亡/死亡率：胎兒或新生兒死亡發生在妊娠晚期(妊娠22周及以后)、分娩期間或出生后最多7天

Perinatal mortality rate The number of perinatal deaths per 1000 total births (stillbirths plus live births).

圍產期死亡率：每1000名新生兒中的圍產兒死亡人數(死產加活產)。

Period total fertility rate (PTFR) The estimated average number of live born children per woman that would be born to a cohort of women throughout their reproductive years, if the fertility rates by age in a given period remained constant at the current age-specific fertility rate.

期間總生育率(PTFR)：如果某一特定時期內按年齡劃分的生育率保持在當前特定年齡的生育率不變，估計一群婦女在整個生育年度內每名婦女將生育的平均活產子女數。

Perivitelline space The space between the cytoplasmic membrane enclosing the oocyte and the innermost layer of the zona pellucida. (This space may contain the first and second polar bodies and extracellular fragments.)

卵周隙：包圍卵母細胞的細胞膜和透明帶最內層之間的間隙。(這個空間可能包含第一和第二極體和細胞外碎片。)

Pituitary down-regulation A medical or pharmacological method to prevent the release of gonadotropins (FSH, LH) from the pituitary gland.

垂體下調調節：防止促性腺激素(促卵泡刺激素、促黃體生成素)從腦垂體釋放的一種醫學或藥理學方法。

Polar bodies The small bodies containing chromosomes segregated from the oocyte by asymmetric division during telophase. The first polar body is extruded at telophase I and normally contains only chromosomes with duplicated chromatids (2c); the second polar body is extruded in response to fertilization or in response to parthenogenetic activation and normally contains chromosomes comprising single chromatids (1c).

極體：含有染色體的小體在末期通過不對稱分裂與卵母細胞分離。第一極體在末期I擠出，通常僅包含具有重復染色單體的染色體（2c）；第二極體響應受精或響應孤雌激活而被擠出，并且通常包含包含單個染色單體的染色體（1c）。

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) A heterogeneous condition, which requires the presence of two of the following three criteria: (1) Oligo-ovulation or anovulation; (2) Hyperandrogenism (clinical evidence of hirsutism, acne, alopecia and/or biochemical hyperandrogenemia); (3) Polycystic ovaries, as assessed by ultrasound scan with more than 24 total antral follicles (2–9 mm in size) in both ovaries.

多囊卵巢綜合征(PCOS)：一種異質性的情況，要求存在以下三個標準中的兩個：(1)少排卵或無排卵；(2)高雄激素血癥(臨床證據為多毛癥、痤瘡、脫發和/或生化高雄激素血癥)；(3)多囊卵巢，超聲掃描雙側卵巢有24個以上的有腔卵泡(2-9毫米)。

Polycystic ovary (PCO) An ovary with at least 12 follicles measuring 2–9 mm in diameter in at least one ovary (Rotterdam criteria). PCO may be present in women with PCOS, but also in women with normal ovulatory function and normal fertility.

多囊卵巢(PCO)：在至少一個卵巢中至少有12個卵泡，直徑為2-9毫米的卵巢(鹿特丹標準)。PCO可能存在于多囊卵巢綜合征婦女中，但也可能存在于排卵功能正常和生育能力正常的婦女中。

Polyploidy The condition in which a cell has more than two haploid sets of chromosomes: e.g. a triploid embryo has three sets of chromosomes and a tetraploid embryo has four sets. Polyploidy in a human embryo is not compatible with life.

多倍體：一個細胞有兩組以上單倍體染色體的情況：例如，一個三倍體胚胎有三組染色體，一個四倍體胚胎有四組染色體。人類胚胎中的多倍體與生命是不匹配的。

Polyspermy The process by which an oocyte is penetrated by more than one spermatozoon.

多精入卵，多精受精：一個卵母細胞被多個精子穿透的過程。

Poor ovarian responder (POR) in assisted reproductive technology

A woman treated with ovarian stimulation for ART, in which at least two of the following features are present: (1) Advanced maternal age (≥40 years); (2) A previous poor ovarian response (≤3 oocytes with a conventional stimulation protocol aimed at obtaining more than three oocytes);and, (3) An abnormal ovarian reserve test (i.e. antral follicle count 5–7 follicles or anti-Mullerian hormone 0.5–1.1 ng/ml (Bologna criteria); or other reference values obtained from a standardized reference population.)

輔助生殖技術中卵巢反應性差(POR)：（1）高齡產婦（≥40歲）；（2）先前的卵巢反應差（具有旨在獲得三個以上卵母細胞的常規刺激方案的≤3卵母細胞）；（3）卵巢儲備測試異常（即竇卵泡計數5-7個卵泡或抗苗勒氏激素0.5-1.1 ng/ml（博洛尼亞標準）；或從標準參考人群獲得的其他參考值。）

Poor ovarian response (POR) to ovarian stimulation A condition in which fewer than four follicles and/or oocytes are developed/obtained following ovarian stimulation with the intention of obtaining more follicles and oocytes.

卵巢刺激反應差(POR)：卵巢刺激后發育/獲得的卵泡和/或卵母細胞少于四個的狀態，目的是獲得更多的卵泡和卵母細胞。

Post-implantation embryo An embryo at a stage of development beyond attachment to the endometrium to eight completed weeks after fertilization, which is equivalent to 10 weeks of gestational age.

植入后胚胎：在受精后8周內，處于超出子宮內膜附著的發育階段的胚胎，相當于10周的孕周。

Post-term birth A live birth or stillbirth that takes place after 42 completed weeks of gestational age.

超期分娩：胎齡42周后出生的活產或死產。

Posthumous reproduction A process utilizing gametes and/or embryos from a deceased person or persons with the intention of producing offspring.

遺體繁殖：利用一個或多個死者的配子和/或胚胎來生育后代的過程。

Pregnancy A state of reproduction beginning with implantation of an embryo in a woman and ending with the complete expulsion and/or extraction of all products of implantation.

妊娠：一種生殖狀態，始于女性植入胚胎，結束于完全排出和/或取出所有植入的產品。

Pregnancy loss The outcome of any pregnancy that does not result in at least one live birth. When reporting pregnancy loss, the estimated gestational age at the end of pregnancy should be recorded.

妊娠損失：任何懷孕的結果，如果至少沒有一次活產的話。當報告妊娠丟失時，應記錄妊娠末期的估計孕周。

Pregnancy of unknown location (PUL) A pregnancy documented by a positive human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) test without visualization of pregnancy by ultrasound. This condition exists only after circulating hCG concentration is compatible with ultrasound visualization of a gestational sac.

不明位置妊娠(PUL)：在超聲檢查未發現妊娠的情況下，人類絨毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)試驗呈陽性的妊娠。這種情況只有在血液循環中hCG濃度與妊娠囊超聲顯影兼容后才會出現。

Pre-implantation embryo An embryo at a stage of development beginning with division of the zygote into two cells and ending just prior to implantation into a uterus.

植入前胚胎：胚胎處于發育階段的胚胎，從受精卵分裂成兩個細胞開始，在植入子宮之前結束。

Preimplantation genetic testing (PGT)

A test performed to analyze the DNA from oocytes (polar bodies) or embryos (cleavage stage or blastocyst) for HLA-typing or for determining genetic abnormalities. These include: PGT for aneuploidies (PGT-A); PGT for monogenic/single gene defects (PGT-M); and PGT for chromosomalstructural r earrangements (PGT-SR).

植入前基因檢測(PGT)：對卵母細胞(極體)或胚胎(卵裂期或囊胚)的DNA進行分析以確定人類白細胞抗原(HLA)分型或確定遺傳異常的測試。其中包括：針對非整倍體的PGT(PGT-A)；針對單基因/單基因缺陷的PGT(PGT-M)；以及針對染色體結構重排(PGT-SR)的PGT。

Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) and screening (PGS)

These terms have now been replaced by preimplantation genetic testing PGT. (See term PGT and its definitions.)

植入前遺傳學診斷(PGD)和篩查(PGS)：這些術語現在已經被植入前基因測試PGT所取代。(請參閱術語PGT及其定義。)

Premature ejaculation A condition in which semen is released sooner than desired.

早泄：精液比預想的更早釋放的情況。

Premature ovarian insufficiency A condition characterized by hypergonadotropic hypogonadism in women younger than age 40 years (also known as premature or primary ovarian failure). It includes women with premature menopause.

卵巢早衰：年齡在40歲以下的女性性腺功能亢進、性腺功能減退(也稱為早產或原發性卵巢功能衰竭)。這其中包括過早絕經的女性。

Preterm birth A birth that takes place after 22 weeks and before 37 completed weeks of gestational age.

早產：是在22周后和37周完成胎齡之前發生的分娩。

Primary childlessness A condition in which a person has never delivered a live child, or has never been a legal or societally-recognized parent to a child.

原發性無子女：一種情況，即一個人從未生過活著的孩子，或從未成為孩子的合法或社會認可的父母。

Primary female infertility A woman who has never been diagnosed with a clinical pregnancy and meets the criteria of being classified as having infertility.

原發性女性不孕癥：一名從未被診斷患有臨床妊娠并符合被歸類為不孕癥標準的女性。

Primary involuntary childlessness A condition in a person with a child wish, who has never delivered a live child, or has never been a legal or societally-recognized parent to a child. A major cause of primary involuntary childlessness is infertility.

原發性非自愿無子女：有兒童愿望的人的一種情況，他從未生過活著的孩子，或從未成為孩子的合法或社會認可的父母。原發性非自愿無子女的一個主要原因是不孕不育。

Primary male infertility A man who has never initiated a clinical pregnancy and meets the criteria of being classified as infertile.

原發性男性不育癥：一名從未開始臨床妊娠并符合被歸類為不孕標準的男性。

Pronuclei transfer Transfer of the pronuclei from a patients zygote to an enucleated donated zygote.

原核轉移：將原核從患者的受精卵轉移到去核的捐獻受精卵。

Pronucleus A round structure in the oocyte surrounded by a membrane containing chromatin. Normally, two pronuclei are seen after fertilization, each containing a haploid set of chromosomes, one set from the oocyte and one from the sperm, before zygote formation.

原核：卵母細胞中的一種圓形結構，周圍有一層含有染色質的膜。通常，受精后會看到兩個原核，每個原核都含有一組單倍體染色體，一個來自卵母細胞，另一個來自精子，然后才形成合子。

Recipient (ART) A person or couple who receives donated eggs, sperm or embryos for the purposes of initiating a pregnancy with the intention of becoming a legally recognized parent.

接受者(ART)：為了開始懷孕而接受捐贈的卵子、精子或胚胎的人或夫婦，目的是成為法律上承認的父母。

Recipient ART cycle An ART cycle in which a woman receives zygote(s) or embryo(s) from donor(s) or a partner.

受者受精周期：女性從捐贈者或伴侶那里接受受精卵或胚胎的受精周期。

Recurrent spontaneous abortion/miscarriage

The spontaneous loss of two or more clinical pregnancies prior to 22 completed weeks of gestational age.

反復自然流產：在妊娠22周前自然流產兩次或兩次以上的臨床妊娠。

Reproductive surgery Surgical procedures performed to diagnose, conserve, correct and/or improve reproductive function in either men or women. Surgery for contraceptive purposes, such as tubal ligation and vasectomy,are also included within this term.

生殖外科：為診斷、保存、糾正和/或改善男性或女性生殖功能而進行的外科手術。用于避孕目的的手術，如輸卵管結扎術和輸精管結扎術，也包括在這一術語中。

Retrograde ejaculation A condition that causes the semen to be forced backward from the ejaculatory ducts into the bladder during ejaculation.

逆行射精：在射精過程中導致精液從射精管向后排入膀胱的一種情況。

Salpingectomy The surgical removal of an entire Fallopian tube.

輸卵管切除術：手術切除整個輸卵管。

Salpingitis isthmica nodosa (SIN) A nodular thickening of the proximal Fallopian tube (where the tubes join the uterus), which can distort or occlude the tubes and increase the risk of ectopic pregnancy and infertility.

結節性輸卵管炎(SIN)：輸卵管近端(輸卵管與子宮的連接處)結節狀增厚，可扭曲或阻塞輸卵管，增加異位妊娠和不孕的風險。

Salpingostomy A surgical procedure in which an opening is made in the Fallopian tube either to remove an ectopic pregnancy or open a blocked fluid-filled tube (hydrosalpinx).

輸卵管造口術：在輸卵管中開口以去除異位妊娠或打開阻塞的充滿液體的管（輸卵管積水）的外科手術

Secondary female infertility A woman unable to establish a clinical pregnancy but who has previously been diagnosed with a clinical pregnancy.

繼發性女性不孕癥：不能確診為臨床妊娠，但以前曾被診斷為臨床妊娠的婦女。

Secondary involuntary childlessness A condition in a person with a child wish, who has previously delivered a live child, or is or has been a legal or societally-recognized parent to a child. A major cause of secondary involuntary childlessness is infertility.

繼發性非自愿無子女：有孩子愿望的人的一種情況，他以前生過活著的孩子，或者是或曾經是孩子的合法或社會認可的父母。繼發性非自愿無子女的一個主要原因是不孕不育。

Secondary male infertility A man who is unable to initiate a clinical pregnancy, but who had previously initiated a clinical pregnancy.

繼發性男性不育癥：不能進行臨床妊娠，但以前曾有過臨床妊娠的男性。

Semen analysis A description of the ejaculate to assess function of the male reproductive tract. Characteristic parameters include volume, pH, concentration, motility, vitality, morphology of spermatozoa and presence of other cells.

精液分析：對射精情況的描述，用以評估男性生殖道的功能。特征參數包括精子的體積、pH、濃度、活力、活力、形態和其他細胞的存在。

Semen liquefaction The process whereby proteolytic enzymes degrade proteins causing seminal plasma to liquefy.

精液液化：蛋白水解酶降解蛋白質，導致精漿液化的過程。

Semen viscosity The description of the relative fluidity of seminal plasma.

精液粘度：精漿相對流動性的描述。

Semen volume The amount of fluid in an ejaculate.

精液量：射精液中的液體量

Semen/Ejaculate The fluid at ejaculation that contains the cells and secretions originating from the testes and sex accessory glands.

精液/射精：射精時產生的液體，含有源自睪丸和性附腺的細胞和分泌物。

Seminal plasma The fluids of the ejaculate.

精漿：精液中的液體。

Sertoli cell The non-germinal cell type in the seminiferous tubule that mediates the actions of testosterone and FSH in the testis, provides nutrients and proteins to the developing spermatogenic cells, creates the blood-testis barrier, and secretes Mullerian-inhibiting hormone.

支持細胞(Sertoli Cell)：生精小管中的一種非生發細胞類型，介導睪丸中睪酮和卵泡刺激素(FSH)的活動，為發育中的生精細胞提供營養和蛋白質，建立血-睪丸屏障，并分泌苗勒氏抑制激素。

Sertoli cell-only syndrome A condition in which only Sertoli cells line the seminiferous tubules with usually a complete absence of germ cells; also referred to as germ cell aplasia. Spermatogenesis in isolated foci can be observed in rare cases.

僅支持細胞綜合征：只有支持細胞排列在生精小管上，通常完全沒有生殖細胞；也稱為生殖細胞發育不全。個別病例可觀察到孤立病灶的生精現象。

Severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS)

A systemic response as a result of ovarian stimulation interventions that is characterized by severe abdominal discomfort and/or other symptoms of ascites, hemoconcentration (Hct > 45) and/or other serious biochemical abnormalities requiring hospitalization for observation and/or formedical intervention (paracentesis, other).

嚴重卵巢過度刺激綜合征(OHSS)：卵巢刺激治療引起的全身性反應，表現為嚴重的腹部不適和/或其他腹水癥狀，血液濃縮(HCT>45)和/或其他需要住院觀察和/或醫療干預(穿刺術等)的嚴重生化異常。

Single embryo transfer (SET) The transfer of one embryo in an ART procedure. Defined as elective (eSET) when more than one embryo of sufficient quality for transfer is available.

單胚胎移植(SET)：在ART程序中移植一個胚胎。定義為選擇性胚胎移植(ESET)，當有多個足夠質量的胚胎可供移植時。

Slow-freezing A cryopreservation procedure in which the temperature of the cell(s) is lowered in a step-wise fashion,typically using a computer controlled rate, from physiological (or room) temperature to extreme low temperature.

緩慢冷凍：一種冷凍保存過程，通常使用計算機控制的速率，以逐步的方式將細胞的溫度從生理(或室內)溫度降低到極低溫度。

Small for gestational age A birth weight less than the 10th centile for gestational age. When reporting results the reference criteria should be specified. If gestational age is unknown, the birth weight should be registered.

小于胎齡的新生兒：體重小于胎齡10厘米的新生兒體重。在報告結果時，應指定參考標準。如果胎齡不明，應登記出生體重。

Sperm bank Repository of cryopreserved sperm stored for future use.

精子庫：冷凍保存的精子的儲存庫，以備將來使用。

Sperm concentration The (measure of the) number of spermatozoa in millions per 1 ml of semen.

精子濃度：每1毫升精液中的精子數(以百萬為單位)。

Sperm density A measure of the mass/volume ratio (specific gravity) for spermatozoa.

精子密度：精子質量/體積比（比重）的測量方法。

Sperm isolation A procedure that involves the separation of sperm through centrifugation and resuspension in culture media. It can be used to remove seminal plasma and infectious agents before IUI and ART procedures. This procedure has been shown to be effective in the removal of HIV. It may also be effective in removing other infectious particles but clinical safety and efficacy have to be established for each particular infection. This term is sometimes referred to as ‘sperm washing’.

精子分離：通過離心分離精子并將其重新懸浮在培養基中的過程。它可用于在IUI和ART手術前清除精漿和感染性病原體。這一程序已被證明在清除艾滋病病毒方面是有效的。它在清除其他感染顆粒方面也可能有效，但必須為每種特定的感染建立臨床安全性和有效性。這個術語有時被稱為精子洗滌。

Sperm motility The percentage of moving spermatozoa relative to the total number of spermatozoa.

精子活動率：運動的精子占精子總數的百分比。

Sperm recipient cycle A MAR cycle in which a woman receives spermatozoa from a person who is not her sexually intimate partner. In the case of ART registry data, a sperm recipient cycle would only include data from cycles using ART procedures.

精子接受周期：女性從一個不是她的性親密伴侶的人那里接收精子的MAR周期。在ART登記數據的情況下，精子接受周期將只包括使用ART程序的周期的數據。

Sperm vitality The percentage of live spermatozoa relative to the total number of spermatozoa.

精子活力：活精子占精子總數的百分比。

Spermatogenic arrest Failure of germ cells to progress through specific stages of spermatogenesis at onset or during meiosis.

生精停滯：生殖細胞在開始或減數分裂期間未能通過精子發生的特定階段取得進展。

Spermatozoon The mature male reproductive cell produced in the testis that has the capacity to fertilize an oocyte. A head carries genetic material, a midpiece produces energy for movement, and a long, thin tail propels the sperm.

精子：在睪丸中產生的成熟的雄性生殖細胞，具有使卵母細胞受精的能力。頭部攜帶遺傳物質，中段產生運動能量，細長的尾巴推動精子。

Spontaneous abortion/miscarriage The spontaneous loss of an intra-uterine pregnancy prior to 22 completed weeks of gestational age.

自然流產/流產：妊娠22周前自然流產的宮內妊娠。

Spontaneous reduction/vanishing sac(s)

The spontaneous disappearance of one or more gestational sacs with or without an embryo or fetus in a multiple pregnancy documented by ultrasound.

自發性減少/消失囊：超聲記錄的多胎妊娠中一個或多個妊娠囊的自發消失，不論是否有胚胎或胎兒。

Sterility A permanent state of infertility.

不孕不育：是一種永久的不孕不育狀態。

Stillbirth The death of a fetus prior to the complete expulsion or extraction from its mother after 28 completed weeks of gestational age. The death is determined by the fact that, after such separation, the fetus does not breathe or show any other evidence of life, such as heartbeat, umbilical cord pulsation, or definite movement of voluntary muscles. Note: It includes deaths occurring during labor.

死產：胎齡滿28周后，胎兒從母體完全排出或取出之前死亡的現象。死亡是由這樣一個事實決定的，即在這種分離之后，胎兒沒有呼吸或顯示出任何其他生命跡象，如心跳、臍帶搏動或隨意肌肉的明確運動。注：這包括在分娩過程中發生的死亡。

Stillbirth rate The number of stillbirths per 1000 total births (stillbirths plus live births).

死胎率：每1000名新生兒中的死產人數(死產加活產)。

Subfertility A term that should be used interchangeably with infertility.

不孕不育應與in開頭不孕不育單詞互換使用的術語。

Syngamy The process during which the female and male pronuclei fuse.

配子配合，兩性生殖：雌雄原核融合的過程

Teratozoospermia A reduced percentage of morphologically normal sperm in the ejaculate below the lower reference limits. When reporting results, the reference criteria should be specified.

畸精癥：精液中形態正常的精子所占比例低于參考下限。在報告結果時，應指定參考標準。

Testicular sperm aspiration/extraction (TESA/TESE)

A surgical procedure involving one or more testicular biopsies or needle aspirations to obtain sperm for use in IVF and/or ICSI.

睪丸精子抽吸/提取(TESA/TESE)：一種外科手術，包括一次或多次睪丸活檢或穿刺，以獲得用于體外受精和(或)ICSI的精子。

Thawing The process of raising the temperature of slow-frozen cell(s) from the storage temperature to room/physiological temperature.

解凍融化：將慢速冷凍細胞的溫度從儲存溫度提高到室溫/生理溫度的過程。

Time to pregnancy (TTP) The time taken to establish a pregnancy, measured in months or in numbers of menstrual cycles.

懷孕時間(TTP)：確定懷孕所需的時間，以月數或月經周期數衡量。

Time-lapse imaging The photographic recording of microscope image sequences at regular intervals in ART, referring to gametes, zygotes, cleavage-stage embryos or blastocysts.

延時成像技術：以固定間隔，對配子、受精卵、卵裂期胚胎或囊胚定期顯微鏡圖像序列的攝影記錄。

Total delivery rate with at least one live birth

The total number of deliveries with at least one live birth resulting from one initiated or aspirated ART cycle, including all cycles in which fresh and/or frozen embryos are transferred, including more than one delivery from one initiated or aspirated cycle if that occurs, until all embryos are used. Notes:The delivery of a singleton, twin or other multiple pregnancy is registered as one delivery. In the absence of complete data, the total delivery rate is often estimated.

至少有一次活產的總分娩率：一個啟動或獲卵ART周期產生的至少一個活產的分娩總數，包括移植新鮮和/或冷凍胚胎的所有周期，如果發生這種情況，則包括一個啟動或抽吸周期的多個分娩，直到所有胚胎都被使用為止。注：單胎、雙胞胎或其他多胎妊娠的分娩登記為一次分娩。在沒有完整數據的情況下，總分娩率通常是估計的。

Total fertility rate (TFR) The average number of live births per woman. It may be determined in retrospect, observed data(Cohort Total Fertility Rate, CTFR) or as an estimated average number (Period Total Fertility Rate,PTFR).

總生育率(TFR)：每名婦女的平均活產數。它可以通過回顧、觀察數據(隊列總生育率，CTFR)或估計平均值(周期總生育率，PTFR)來確定。

Total sperm count The calculated total number of sperm in the ejaculate (semen volume multiplied by the sperm concentration determined from an aliquot of semen).

精子總數：計算出的射精液中的精子總數(精液體積乘以根據一等分精液測定的精子濃度)。

Traditional gestational carrier A woman who donates her oocytes and is the gestational carrier for a pregnancy resulting from fertilization of her oocytes either through an ART procedure or insemination. This replaces the term‘traditional surrogate.’

傳統的妊娠攜帶者：捐獻卵母細胞的婦女，是通過ART或人工授精使其卵母細胞受精而懷孕的婦女。這取代了傳統代孕一詞。

Trisomy An abnormal number of chromosome copies in a cell characterized by the presence of three homologous chromosomes rather than the normal two. The majority of human embryos with trisomies are incompatible with life.

三體：細胞中異常數目的染色體拷貝，其特征是存在三條同源染色體，而不是正常的兩條。大多數具有三體的人類胚胎與生命是不匹配的。

Trophectoderm Cells forming the outer layer of a blastocyst that have the potential to develop into the placenta and amniotic membranes.

滋養外胚層：形成胚泡外層的，有可能發育成胎盤和羊膜。

Tubal pathology Tubal abnormality resulting in dysfunction of the Fallopian tube, including partial or total obstruction of one or both tubes (proximally, distally or combined), hydrosalpinx and/or peri-tubal and/or peri-ovarian adhesions affecting the normal ovum pick-up function. It usually occurs after pelvic inflammatory disease or pelvic surgery.

輸卵管病理學：輸卵管異常導致輸卵管功能障礙，包括一條或兩條輸卵管(近端、遠端或聯合)部分或全部阻塞，輸卵管積水和/或輸卵管周圍和/或卵巢周圍粘連，影響正常取卵功能。它通常發生在盆腔炎或骨盆手術之后。

Unexplained infertility Infertility in couples with apparently normal ovarian function, Fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix and pelvis and with adequate coital frequency; and apparently normal testicular function, genito-urinary anatomy and a normal ejaculate. The potential for this diagnosis is dependent upon the methodologies used and/or those methodologies available.

原因不明性不孕：卵巢功能明顯正常，輸卵管，子宮，子宮頸和骨盆以及足夠的性交頻率的夫婦不孕；顯然睪丸功能正常，生殖泌尿解剖結構正常，射精正常。這種診斷的潛力取決于所使用的方法和/或可用的方法。

Unisomy The condition in a cell resulting from loss of a single chromosome yielding a single copy of that particular chromosome rather than the normal two. The majority of unisomies in human embryos are incompatible with life.

異構體：由于單個染色體的丟失而導致的細胞狀態，產生該特定染色體的一個拷貝，而不是正常的兩個拷貝。人類胚胎中的大多數同源異構體與生命是不匹配的。

Vaginal insemination A procedure whereby semen, collected from a non-lubricated condom or similar method, is deposited into the vaginal cavity of a female. An intervention that can be self-administered by a woman attempting pregnancy.

陰道受精：將從無潤滑避孕套或類似方法收集的精液注入女性陰道腔的過程。一種可以由試圖懷孕的婦女自行實施的干預措施。

Varicocele A venous enlargement in the testicular pampiniform plexus.

精索靜脈曲張：睪丸盤狀神經叢中的靜脈擴張。

Varicocelectomy Procedure to occlude or remove part of the internal spermatic vein in situations in which it has expanded into a varicocele.

精索靜脈曲張切除術：在精索內靜脈擴張為精索靜脈曲張的情況下閉塞或移除部分精索內靜脈的手術。

Vasectomy Procedure to occlude the vas deferens. It is usually carried out bilaterally in order to secure sterilization.

輸精管結扎術：封閉輸精管的手術。它通常是雙邊進行的，以確保絕育。

Very low birth weight Birth weight less than 1500 g.

極低出生體重：出生體重小于1500克。

Viscosity The description of the relative fluidity of the semen.

粘度：描述精液的相對流動性。

Vitrification An ultra-rapid cryopreservation procedure that prevents ice formation within a cell whose aqueous phase is converted to a glass-like solid.

玻璃化：一種超快速冷凍保存程序，可防止水相轉化為玻璃狀固體的細胞內結冰。

Voluntary childlessness A condition describing a person who does not have or has not had a child wish and does not have any biologically, legally or societally-recognized children.

自愿無子女：一種情況，描述一個人沒有或沒有孩子愿望，也沒有任何在生物學、法律或社會上被認可的孩子。

Warming (cells) The process of raising the temperature of a vitrified cell or cells from the storage temperature to room/physiological temperature.

復蘇：將一個或多個玻璃化細胞的溫度從儲存溫度提高到室溫/生理溫度的過程。

Y-chromosome microdeletions Missing segments of the genetic material on the Y-chromosome that are associated with abnormal spermatogenesis.

Y染色體微缺失：Y染色體上與精子發生異常相關的遺傳物質缺失片段。

Zona pellucida The glycoprotein coat surrounding the oocyte.

透明帶：包圍卵母細胞的糖蛋白外殼。

Zygote A single cell resulting from fertilization of a mature oocyte by a spermatozoon and before completion of the first mitotic division.

受精卵：在第一次有絲分裂完成之前，由精子使成熟卵母細胞受精而產生的單個細胞。

Zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT) An ART procedure in which one or more zygotes is transferred into the Fallopian tube.

受精卵輸卵管內移植(ZIFT)：是一種將一個或多個受精卵移植到輸卵管的ART過程。

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